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    Introduction to Astronomy | Life in the Universe | Introduction to the Earth's climate | Climate Change: Past and Future


      Introduction to Astronomy
        Life in the Universe
        How Science is Done
        The Test for Credibility
        Where Scientists Find Information
        Measuring Things
        How to Make H, He (Big Bang)
        Elements as Star Dust
        The Discovery of the Galaxy and the Vastness of Space
        The Age of the Solar System
        Origin of the Solar System: Clues from Meteorites
        Origin of the Solar System: Clues from Comets
        The Life-Giving Sun
        The Nuclear Generator
        The Planets of the Solar System
        The Onion Structure of the Earth
        Origin of the Earth
        History of the Earth
        The Water Planet
        Drifting Continents
        Plate Tectonics
        The Earth from Space
        The Earth in Space
        Earth, Planet of Life
        Water on Mars?
        From Mars with Love, Mars Meteorites, ALH84001
        Planets of "Nearby" Stars
        How to Make a Galactic Civilization
        Universe Endgame


      Life in the Universe
        The Essence of Life
        Life is All Around Us
        What People Say About Life
        Life's Origins
        What Living Things Have in Common
        The Elements of Life
        The Faint Young Sun Paradox
        When Did Life on Earth Arise?
        What Were the Conditions?
        Panspermia?
        Host Star and Distance
        Environmental Limits of Life
        Water, Do We Need It?
        Carbon and Oxygen
        Do We Need Carbon?
        Suddenly, Life!
        The Blueprint Problem
        Life Is as Life Does
        Clues from Development
        Lateral Gene Transfer - Crossing the Species Barrier
        How Life Became Complicated Through Symbiosis
        The "Tree" of LIfe
        Classification, Natural Selection, and the Quanta of Inheritance
        Evolution, the Central Concept
        The Nature of Fossils
        Discovery of Extinction
        Disturbance and Mass Extinction
        The Genetic Record
        The Nature of Fossil Record
        The Stratigraphic Record
        The Rules of Evolution
        Why Brains?
        What to Look For, Biomarkers
        Life in the Solar System
        Strategies of Searching
        Looking for Life in All the Right Places - Revisiting the Drake Equation
        Where is Everybody? The Fermi Paradox
        What if There is Contact?
        Other Worlds, Other Life
        Discovery of the Solar System
        Comets, Asteroids and Other Debris
        Origin and Fate of the Solar System
        Origin of Earth and Moon
        Impacts
        Solar System Creation Stability
        Giant Impacts
        Solar Radiation Trends
        Is Earth Special?
        Much Ado About Mars
        Mars, Was There Ever Life on Mars?
        Student Mars Information Project
        Mars Surface Chemistry is Now a Barrier
        Jupiters - Good or Bad?
        Life's History
        The Biological Record
        The Major Extinctions
        Ecological Factors
        The Gaia Hypothesis
        Gaia Theory: How Much Life is There Here?
        Extinction Factors
        Time Scales
        Tree of Life: Five Kingdoms, Three Domains
        Life Expands to Fill Every Available Niche
        Extremophiles; Nature's Risk-Takers
        How Life Got Complicated
        Elements, Planets, HZ, Water, Energy
        Living on an Energy Gradient
        Do We Need Time?
        The Miller-Urey Experiment
        Golem Hypothesis (Clay Templates)
        Closing the Gap from Amino Acids to RNA
        Your Own Planetarium
        Volcanism
        Timescales
        Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
        The Origin of Knowledge
        The Rise of Science
        The Power of Mythos
        The Mythos of Creation
        Beliefs, Delusions and Fraud
        Science and Belief: Astrology


      Introduction to the Earth's Climate
        Is the Climate Changing?
        Pundits, Advocates and Apocalpyse
        The Spectrum of Scientific Opinion
        How to Tell Science from Rubbish
        The Greenhouse Effect
        Why the Earth is a Nice Place to Live
        The Radiative Balance
        The Importance of Water
        More on the Role of Carbon Dioxide
        The Role of Methane
        The Link to the Ozone Problem
        Major Uncertainties with the Greenhouse Effect
        Human Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
        How Much Carbon in the Ground
        Different Concerns of Rich and Poor
        Introduction to Biogeochemistry
        Why is the Atmospheric Carbon Reservoir So Small?
        The Breathing of Gaia
        The Physical Carbon Pump
        The Biological Carbon Pump
        The Marine Carbon Cycle
        The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
        Climate and Weather
        Trade Winds and the Hadley Cell
        The Highs and Lows of the Westerlies
        The Vital Importance of Monsoon Rains
        Why are there Seasons?
        Cloud Formation and Climate
        Hurricanes and Global Warming
        Ocean Circulation and Climate
        Strawberries in Norway
        The Icelandic Whirlpool
        Origin of the Gulf Stream
        El Niño and its Effects
        Upwelling and Climate
        The Deep Atlantic Conveyor
        Outlook for the Future
        Advances in Computer Modeling
        Physics versus Fudge Factors


      Climate Change: Past and Future
        Climate in the Spotlight
        Is the Climate Changing?
        Carbon Dioxide Through Geologic Time
        Carbon Dioxide Through the Ice Ages
        General Overview of the Ice Ages
        The Mystery of the Mammoth Teeth
        Discovery of the Great Ice Age
        Discovery of Multiple Ice Ages
        Discovery of the Ice Age Record of the Deep Sea
        Discovery of the Ice Age Climate Cycles
        Milankovitch Theory Supported
        Ice Core Science and Fluctuating Temperatures
        The Marvelous Speed of Deglaciation
        Lessons from the Ice Ages?
        The Last Millenium
        A Tale of Viking Exploration
        The Riddle of The Little Ice Age
        Volcano Weather
        Sun Cycles and Climate Change
        Reconstructing Past Climate Change
        Stories Told by Trees and Corals
        Warming Since A.D. 1850
        The Statistics of Change
        Regional Problems Ahead
        Attempts to Guess the Future
        Future Energy Use
        The Future of Methane
        The Future of Nitrous Oxide
        The Ozone Problem, CFC's and Alternative
        How Much Carbon in the Ground?
        Kyoto and Den Haag: What is (not) Happening?
        The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
        The Humpty-Dumpty Problem
        Lurking Monsters
        Strategies for Coping
        Strategies for Technologic Fixes
        Business as Usual
        The Good News
        The Role of Research


    Introduction to Astronomy | Life in the Universe | Introduction to the Earth's climate | Climate Change: Past and Future