Major groups of bony fishes

RAY-FINS
Bichirs •
Sturgeon •
Paddlefishes •
Gars •
Bowfins •
Teleosts •

LOBE-FINS
Coelacanth •
Lungfishes •

Actinopterygii

These are one of the major groups of bony fishes - the ray-fins that have fins that internally supported by flexible rays, in contrast to the Sarcopterygii that have lobe-fins. Nearly all fishes in this group are telosts, about 21,000 species that became the dominant fishes by the end of the Cretaceous.

Unlike sharks, the skeletons of ray-finned fishes are made of bone rather than cartilage. Unlike lobefins, their fins radiate out from a point rather than radiating out from a point at the end of a stalk where the stalk and the radial bones make up the fin.

The teleosts also have symmetrical tails, thin scales, a swim bladder, highly menuverable fins, and jaws that are move, making them adapted for sucking as well as biting, as summarized by Moyle. page 75.

Older teleosts live in freshwater and newer ones are more marine, including deepwater and pelagic forms, so fishes radiated into marine environments.


Ray fins that are not teleosts
(~35 species)

Shortnose sturgeon. Photographer - NAME.

Older teleosts

African Lungfish Photographer - Michael Aston,

Hidontiformes, Mooneyes

•  Mooneyes

Osteoglossiformes, Bonytongues

•  Bonytongues (Arapaima) •  Featherfin Knifefishes •  Elephantfishes

Elopiformes, Tenpounders

•  Tenpounders •  Tarpons

Albuminformes, Bonefishes

•  Bonefishes •  Halosaurs •  Spiny eels

Anguilliformes, Eels

•  Freshwater Eels •  Mud Eels •  Spaghetti Eels •  False Morays •  Myroconger Eels •  Moray Eels •  Cutthroat Eels •  Snake Eels and Worm Eels •  Shorttail Eels •  Longneck Eels •  Pike Congers •  Snipe Eels •  Conger Eels •  Duckbill Eels •  Sawtooth Eels

Saccopharyngiformes, Sackpharynx Fishes

•  Bobtail Snipe Eels •  Swallowers •  Gulpers or Pelican Eels •  Onejaw Gulpers

Clupeiformes, Herrings

•  Denticle Herrings •  Longfin Herrings •  Anchovies •  Wolf Herrings •  Herrings

Gonorynchiformes, Milkfishes

•  Milkfishes •  Beaked Sandfishes •  Knerias •  Sanke Mudheads

Cypriniformes, Carps

•  Minnows or Carps •  Mountain Carps •  Algae Eaters •  Suckers •  Loaches •  River Loaches

Characiformes, Characins

•  Characins •  Citharinids •  Paradontids •  Toothless Characiforms •  Flannel-mouth Characiforms •  Toothed headstanders •  Headstanders •  South American Darters •  Hemiodontids •  African Tetras •  Freshwater Hatchetfishes •  Characins •  Acestrorynchids •  Cynodontids •  Trahiras •  PencilFishes •  Pike-characids •  African Pikes

Siluriformes, Catfishes

•  Velvet Catfishes •  Whalelike Catfishes •  Loach Catfishes •  Pancil Catfishes or Parasitic Catfishes •  Mountain Catfishes •  Callichthyid Armored Catfishes •  Spiny Dward Catfishes •  Climbing Catfishes •  Suckermouth Armored Catfishes •  Torrent Catfishes •  Stream Catfishes •  Sisorid Catfishes •  Erethistid Catfishes •  Banjo Catfishes •  Bumblebee Catfishes •  Heptapterids •  Armorhead Catfishes •  North American Catfishes •  Squeakers or Upside-down Catfishes •  Thorny Catfishes •  Driftwood Catfishes •  Sheatfishes •  Electric Catfishes •  Auchenoglanidids •  Squarehead, angler, or Frogmouth Catfishes •  Eeltail Catfishes •  Airbreathing Catfishes •  Airsac Catfishes •  Austroglanidids •  Claroteids •  Sea Catfishes •  Schilbeid Catfishes •  Shark Catfishes •  Bagrid Catfishes •  Long-whiskered Catfishes

Gymnotiformes, American Knifefishes

•  Nakedback Knifefishes •  Sand Knifefishe •  Bluntnose Knifefishe •  Glass Knifefishe •  Ghost Knifefishe

Argentiniformes, Marine Smelts

•  Argentines or Herring Smelts •  Barreleyes or Spookfishes •  Pencilsmelts •  Tubeshoulders •  Bathylaconids •  Slickheads

Osmeriformes, Freshwater Smelts

•  Smelts •  New Zealand Smelts •  Galaxiids

Salmoniformes, Trouts

•  Trouts •  Salmonids

Esociformes, Pikes

•  Pikes •  Mudminnows

Newer teleosts

Fathead Minnow Photographer - NAME.

Stomiiformes, Dragonfishes

•  Bristlemouths •  Marine Hatchetfishes •  Lightfishes •  Barbeled Dragonfishes

Ateleopodiformes, Jellynose Fishes

•  Jellynose fishes

Aulopiformes, Lizardfishes

•  Cucumberfishes •  Flagfins •  Sandiving Lizardfishes •  Lizardfishes •  Greeneyes •  Bathysauropsids •  Waryfishes •  Deepsea Tripod Fishes •  Pearleyes •  Sabertooth Fishes •  Lancetfishes •  Barracudinas •  Deepsea Lizardfishes •  Telescopefishes

Nyctophiformes, Lanternfishes

•  Blackchins •  Lanternfishes •  Opahs •  Velifers •  Tube-eyes or Thread-Tails •  Crestfishes •  Tapertails •  Ribbonfishes •  Oarfishes

Polymixiformes<, Beardfishes

•  Beardfishes

Percopsiformes, Trout-perches

•  Trout-perches •  Pirate Perch •  Cavefishes

Gadiformes, Cods

•  Eel cods •  Codlets •  Eucla Cod •  Grenadiers or Rattails •  Deepsea Cods •  Pelagic Cods •  Merluccid Hakes •  Phycid Hakes •  Cods

Ophidiiformes, Cusk-eels

•  Pearlfishes •  Cusk-eels •  Viviparous Brotulas •  False Brotulas •  Toadfishes •  Anglerfishes •  Goosefishes •  Frogfishes •  Tetrabrachiid Frogfishes •  Lophichthyid Frogfishes •  Handfishes •  Coffinfishes or Sea Toads •  Batfishes •  Fanfins •  Toothed Seadevils •  Black Seadevils •  Footballfishes •  Double Anglers •  Dreamers •  Wolftrap Anglers •  Deepsea Anglers •  Seadevils •  Whipnose Anglers •  Leftvents

Mugiliformes, Mullets

•  Mullets

Atheriniformes, Silversides

•  New World Silversides •  Surf Sardines •  Rainbowfishes and Blue Eyes •  Pricklenose Silversides •  Tusked Silversides and Priapiumfishes •  Old World Silversides

BELONIFORMES, Needlefishes

•  Adrianichthyids •  Flying Fishes •  Halfbeaks •  Sauries

Cyprinodontiformes, Killifishes

•  Asian Rivulines •  African Rivulines •  New World Rivulines •  Middle American Killifishes •  Goodeids •  Topminnows •  Valencia Toothcarps •  Pupfishes •  Four-eyed Fishes •  Livebearers

Stephanoberyciformes, Pricklefishes

•  Bugscale Fishes •  Pricklefishes •  Hispidoberycids •  Gibberfishes •  Redmouth Whalefishes •  Flabby Whalefishes •  Tapertails

Beryciformes, Alfonso Squirrelfishes

•  Fangtooths •  Spinyfins •  Flashlight Fishes •  Pinecone Fishes •  Roughies •  Alfonsinos •  Squirrelfishes

Zeiformes, Dories

•  Lookdown Dories •  Oreos •  Smooth Dories •  Armoreye Dories •  Tinselfishes •  Dories

Gasterosteiformes, Sticklebacks

•  Sand Eel •  Tubesnouts •  Sticklebacks •  Armored Sticklebacks •  Seamoths •  Ghost Pipefishes •  Pipefishes and Seahorses •  Trumpetfishes •  Cornetfishes •  Snipefishes •  Shrimpfishes

Synbranchiformes, Swamp Eels

•  Swamp Eels •  Earthworm Eels •  Spiny Eels

Scorpaneiformes, Mail-cheeked Fishes

•  Flying Gurnards •  Scorpionfishes or Rockfishes •  Orbicular Velvetfishes •  Velvetfishes •  Australian Prowfishes •  Racehorses, Pigfishes or Horsefishes •  Searobins or Gurnards •  Armored Searobins •  Deepwater Flatheads •  Flatheads •  Ghost Flatheads •  Sablefishs •  Greenlings •  Normanichthyids •  Giant Sculpins •  Deepwater Sculpins •  Sculpins •  Bailal Oilfishes •  Deepwater Baikal Sculpins •  Searavens •  Poachers •  Fathead Sculpins •  Antarctic Sculpins •  Lumpfishes or Lumpsuckers •  Snailfishes

Perciformes, Perches

•  Snooks •  Asiatic Glassfishes •  Lates •  Mullets •  Temperate Basses •  Temperate Perches •  Southern Basses •  Lanternbellies •  Slopefishes •  Wrechfishes •  Sea Basses •  False Scorpionfishes •  Ostracoberycids •  Groppos •  Dottybacks •  Basslets •  Roundheads •  Bearded Eelblennies •  Jawfishes •  Cavebasses •  Banjofishes •  Sunfishes •  Perches •  Bigeyes •  Deepwater Cardinalfishes •  Sillagos, Whitings or Smelt Whitings •  Tilefishes •  False Trevallies •  Long-finned Pikes •  Gnomefishes •  Bluefishes •  Roosterfishes •  Dolphinfishes •  Cobias •  Remoras •  Jacks and Pompanos •  Moonfishes •  Ponyfishes, Slimys or Slipmouths •  Pomfrets •  Manefishes •  Rovers •  Snappers •  Fusiliers •  Tripletails •  Mojarras •  Grunts •  Bonnetmouths •  Threadfin Breamsx •  Emperoprs or Emperor Breams •  Porgies •  Picarel Porgies •  Threadfins •  Drums or Croakers •  Goatfishes •  Sweepers •  Pearl Perches •  Beachsalmon •  Bathyclupeids •  Moonfishes or Fingerfishes •  Archerfishes •  Australasian salmon or Kahawai •  Galjoen Fishes •  Sea Chubs •  Sicklefishes •  Butterflyfishes •  Angelfishes •  Oldwives •  Armorheads •  Asian Leaffishes •  Afro-American Leaffishes •  Grunters or Tigerperches •  Flagtails •  Knifejaws •  Hawkfishes •  Kelpfishes •  Marblefishes •  Morwongs •  Trumpeters •  Bandfishes •  Pygmy Sunfishes •  Cichlids •  Surfperches •  Damselfishes •  Wrasses •  Cales •  Parrotfishes •  Ronquils •  Eelpounts •  Pricklebacks •  Wrymouths •  Gunnels •  Wolffishes •  Quillfishes •  Prowlfishes •  Graveldivers •  Temperate Icefishes •  Catadromous Icefishes •  Patagonian Blennies •  Cod Icefishes •  Spiny Plunderfishes •  Barbeled Plunderfishes •  Antarctic Dragonfishes •  Crocodile Icefishes •  Swallowers •  Gapers •  Sandfishes •  Sandperches •  New Xealan Torrentfishes •  Sanddivers •  Sandburoowers •  Duckbills •  Southern Sandfishes •  Sand Lances •  Weeverfishes •  Stargazers •  Convice Blenny •  Triplefin Blennies •  Sand Stargazers •  Combtooth Blennies •  Kelp Blennies •  Labrisomid Blennies •  Tube Blennies •  Ragfishes •  Clingfishes •  Dragonets •  Slope Dragonets •  Loach Gobies •  Freshwater Sleepers •  Sleepers •  Xenisthmids •  Sandfishes or Sand Gobies •  Gobies •  Wormfishes •  Dartfishes •  Infantfishes •  Nurseryfishes •  Spadefishes •  Scats •  Rabbitfishes •  Louvar •  Moorish Idols •  Surgeonfishes •  Longfin Escolars •  Barracudas •  Cutlassfishes •  Mackerals and Tunas •  Swordfishes •  Billfishes •  Amarsipas •  Meduafishes •  Driftfishes •  Ariommatids •  Squaretails •  Butterfishes •  Climbing Gouramies •  Kissing Gouramies •  Gouramies •  Snakeheads •  Boarfishes

Pleuronectiformes, Flatfishes

•  Spiny Turbots •  Largescale Flounders •  Sand Flounders •  Righteye Flounders •  Lefteye Flounders •  Measles Flounders •  Bigeye Flounders •  Rhombosoleids •  Southern Flounders •  Crested Flounders •  American Soles •  Soles •  Tonguefishes

Tetraodontiformes, Plectognaths

•  Spikefishes •  Triplespines •  Triggerfishes •  Filefishes •  Boxfishes, Cowfishes or Trunkfishes •  Threetooth Puffers •  Puffers •  Porcupinefishes or Burrfishes •  Molas

Older teleosts

TBA

Newer teleosts

Fathead Minnow Photographer - NAME.

Stenopterygii - bristlemouth, marine hatchetfish, lightfishes, barbeled dragonfish, jellynose fishes

•  TYPES

Cyclosquamata - Lizardfishes, lancetfishes, tripodfishes

•  Rainbow trout

Scopelomorpha - lanternfishes

•  Bichir •  Remora

Lampridiomorpha - opah, tube-eye, ribbonfishes, oarfishes

•  Seahorse

Polymixiomorpha - beardfishes

•  Seahorse

Paracanthopterygii - cavefishes, brotulas, rattails, pelagic cods, southern hakes, cods, toadfishes, goosefishes, footballfishes, sea devils, deep sea anglerfishes

•  Seahorse

•  Seahorse

Complete listing

Newer teleosts

Fathead Minnow Photographer - NAME.

Mugilloformes - mullets

•  TYPES

Atherinomorpha - rainbowfishes, needlefishes, sauries, flying fishes, killifishes, pupfishes

•  Rainbow trout

PEcomorpha - fangtooth, roughies, dories, rockfishes, sculpins, jack, cichlids, eelpouts, cod icefishes, blennies, govies, barracuda, mackerals tunas, swordfish, gouramis, snakeheads, flounders, triggerfihses, puffers, ocean sunfishesa

•  Bichir •  Remora

•  Seahorse

•  Seahorse

•  Seahorse

•  Seahorse

Complete listing



Title - Fishes the first craniate.

Teleosts Teleosts are ... Most teleosts have symmetrical looking tails

Title - Fishes the first craniate.
Araipaima, Pirarucu or Paiche Arapaima gigas Arapaimas (South America) and their close relatives Heterotis (Africa) are descendants of the earliest teleosts. They live in freshwater and can grow up to 2.5 m long. This is an aquarium specimen. Photographer - Brian Gratwicke.
More about the placoderms
Dunkleosteus terrelli from the Cleveland Shale

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