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References Cited

[1] Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology

Edited by Burney J. Le Boeuf and Richard M. Laws, 1994. University of California Press.

Burney J. Le Boeuf and Daniel E. Crocker, 2005.

[3] Diving Behavior in Relation to Ambient Water Temperature in Northern Elephant Seals

Hiroshi Hakoyama, Burney J. Le Boeuf, Yasuhiko Naito, and Wataru Sakamoto, 1994. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72:643-651.

[4] Diving Patterns of Northern Elephant Seal Bulls

Robert L. DeLong and Brent S. Stewart, 1991. Marine Mammal Science, 7:369-384.

[5] Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration

S. R. Noren and T. M. Williams, 2000. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A, 126:181-191.

[6] Development of diving capacity in Emperor penguins

P. J. Ponganis, L. N. Starke, M. Horning AND G. L. Kooyman, 1999. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 202:781-786.

[7] Diving and foraging behavior of leatherback sea turtles, (Dermochelys coriacea)

S. A. Eckert, Eckert, K.L., Ponganis, P., and Kooyman, G.L. , 1989. Can. J. Zool., 67:181-191.

[8] Oxygen transport in the leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea

Lutcavage, M.E., Bushnell, P.G., and Jones, D.R., 1990. Physiol. Zool., 63:1012.

[9] Oxygen stores and aerobic metabolism in the leatherback sea turtle.

Lutcavage, M.E., Bushnell, P.G., and Jones, D.R, 1992. Can. Jour. Zool., 70:348-351.

[10] Pan-Atlantic leatherback turtle movements

Hays, G.C., Houghton, J.D.R., and Myers, A.E., 2004. Nature, 429:522.

[11] Dive-depth distribution of loggerhead (Carretta carretta) and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles in the central North Pacific: Might deep longline sets catch fewer turtles?

Jeffrey J. Polovinam, Evan Howell, Denise M. Parker and George H. Balazs, 2003. Fish. Bull., 101:189-193.

[12] Elephant Seals

Californa State Parks.
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[13] Decompression sickness following breath-hold diving.

Schipke JD, Gams E, Kallweit O., 2006. Res Sports Med, 14:163-178.

[14] Caisson disease during the construction of the Eads and Brooklyn Bridges: A review

W. P. BUTLER, 2004. Undersea Hyperb Med, 31(4)445-459.

[15] Understanding the impacts of anthropogenic sound on beaked whales.

T.M. COX, T.J. RAGEN*, and others, 2006. J. Cetacean Res. Manage., 7(3):177-187.

[16] Extreme diving of beaked whales.

Peter L. Tyack, Mark Johnson, Natacha Aguilar Soto, Albert Sturlese and Peter T. Madsen, 2006. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209:4238-2353.

[17] Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal.

Ulfur Arnasona, Anette Gullberg, and others, 2006. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41(2):345-354.

[18] A Natural History of California

Allan A. Schoenherr, 1995. University of California Press, 772 pages.

[19] A Biogeographic Assessment off North/Central California

Accessed January 26, 2009 at http://ccmaserver.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/canms_cd/startup.htm.

[20] U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments: 2005

James V. Carretta, Karin A. Forney, Marcia M. Muto, Jay Barlow, Jason Baker, Brad Hanson, and Mark S. Lowry, 2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS, NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-388, 388pages .

[21] Foraging Ecology of Northern Elephant Seals

J. Le Boeuf, D. E. Crocker, D. P. Costa, S. B. Blackwell, P. M. Webb, and D. S. Houser, 2000. Ecological Mongraphs, 70:353-382.

[22] Assessing Northern Elephant Seal Feeding Habits by Stomach Lavage

[23] A Biogeographic Assessment off North/Central California

Accessed January 26, 2009 at http://ccmaserver.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/canms_cd/startup.htm.

[24] Population Size and Reproductive Success of Northern Elephant Seals on the South Farallon Islands 2005-2006, Report to US Fish and Wildlife Service Farallon National Wildlife Refuge

Derek E. Lee, 2006. For PRBO Conservation Science, 9 pages.

[25] Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal.

Arnason et al., 2006. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41, 345-354.

[26] Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology.

A. Berta & J. Sumich, 1999. Academic Press, San Diego,CA and Longdon, UK, 494 pp.

[27] The Marine Mammals of the Northwestern Coast of North America, Together with an Account of the American Whale-Fishery.

C. M. Scammon, 1874. John H. Carmany and Company, San Francisco, 319 pp and index.

[28] Feeding Habits and Feeding Grounds of the Northern Elephant Seal.

R. Condit and B. J. Le Boeuf, 1984. Journal of Mammology, 65, 281-290.

[29] Assessing Northern Elephant Seal Feeding Habits by Stomach Lavage.

G. A. Antonelis, Jr., M. Lowery, D. P. DeMaster, C. H. Fiscus, 1987. Marine Mammal Science, 3, 308-322.

[30] Diet of the Northern Elephant Seal.

G. A. Antonelis, M. S. Lowry, C. H. Fiscus, B. S. Stewart, and R. L. DeLong, 1994. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior and Physiology. Edited by B. J. Le Boeuf and R. M. Laws, University of California Press, Berkeley.

[31] Double Migrations of the Northern Elephant Seal, Mirounga angustirostris.

B. S. Stewart and R. L. DeLong, 1995. Journal of Mammology, 76, 196-205.

[32] Causes of Loss of Unconciousness During Underwater Swimming.

A. B. Craig, 1960. Journal of Applied Physiology, 16, 583-586.

[33] Gas Bubble Lesions in Stranded Cetaceans.

P. D. Jepson et al., 2003. Nature, 425, 575-576.

[34] Extreme Diving of Beaked Whales.

P. L. Tyack, M. Johnson, et al., 2006. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 209, 4238-4253.

[35] Air-Breathing Fishes: Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation.

J. B. Graham, . Academic Press, San Diego.

[36] International Association for the Development of Freediving (AIDA International): World Records.

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http://www.aida-international.org/aspportal1/code/page.asp?sType=wr&CountryID=4&actID=3&ObjectID=136

[37] The Northern Elephant Seal Macrorhinus angustirostris.

C. H. Townsend, 1912. Zoologica, 1, 159-173.

[38] Heart Rate Regulation and Extreme Bradycardia in Diving Emperor Penguins.

J. U. Meir and others, 2008. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 1169-1179.

[39] Linking Foraging Behavior of the Northern Elephant Seal with Oceanography and Bathymetry at Mesoscales.

S. E. Simmons and others, 2007. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 346, 265-275.

[40] Extreme Hypoxemic Tolerance and Blood Oxygen Depletion in Diving Elephant Seals.

J. U. Meir and others, 2009. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, in press.

[41] Heart Rates of Northern Elephant Seals Diving at Sea and Resting on the Beach.

R. D. Andrews and others, 1997. Journal of Experimental Biology, 200, 2083-2095.

[42] North Pacific Climate Mediates Offspring Sex Ratio in Northern Elephant Seals.

D. E. Lee and W. J. Sydeman, 2009. Journal of Mammology, 90, 1-8.

[43] Diving Animals.

G. L. Kooyman, P. J. Ponganis, and R. S. Howard, 1999. In: The Lung at Depth, edited by C. Lundgren, and J. Miller, New York: Marcel Dekker, p. 686.

[44] Comparative Diving Physiology.

P. J. Ponganis, G. L. Kooyman, and S. H. Ridgway, 2003. In: Physiology and Medicine of Diving, edited by A. O. Brubakk, and T. S. Neuman, Edinburgh: Saunders, p. 211-226.

[45] Diverse Divers Physiology and Behavior.

G. L. Kooyman, 1989. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

[46] The Physiological Basis of Diving to Depth: Birds and Mammals.

G. L. Kooyman and P. J. Ponganis, 1998. Annual Review of Physiology, 60, 19-32.